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X-WR-CALDESC:Events for What Works
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DTSTART:20240331T010000
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T150921Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T150921Z
UID:10000236-1718105400-1718110800@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Designing policies to enable equitable and beneficial electrification in the U.S.
DESCRIPTION:Electrifying household energy use is a key policy lever for addressing the climate crisis. However\, there are many challenges to designing policies to promote beneficial electrification that reduces greenhouse gas emissions while also advancing health\, equity\, and affordability goals. This research focuses on the case of the United States\, where one billion household machines – from cars to furnaces to stoves – currently run on fossil fuels. Additionally\, one in three U.S. households report difficulty paying their energy bills\, and low-income households may be less likely to adopt new technologies. New policies such as the Inflation Reduction Act provide opportunities to address these inequities but may exacerbate them without careful implementation. \nHere we focus on the electrification challenge in U.S. cities. We begin with a detailed case study of Massachusetts\, a leader in state and local climate action that faces multiple electrification challenges\, including aging fossil fuel infrastructure and high demand for home heating. We use this case explore the effects of local policy actions to reduce methane emissions from natural gas systems while simultaneously advancing net zero and electrification goals. Our analysis combines engineering and infrastructure models\, household property data\, document and legal analysis\, and qualitative interviews to characterize inequities in electrification and the effects of fossil fuel stranded assets on low-income communities. \nWe then extend this analysis beyond Massachusetts to examine electrification challenges across the United States. We find evidence of inequities in access to a key electrification technology\, air source heat pumps\, across low-income and minority communities – and show that uncoordinated policies could result in substantial increases in energy bills for households that cannot electrify. We then discuss innovative community electrification solutions that can enable cities to simultaneously promote equity and climate goals.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/designing-policies-to-enable-equitable-and-beneficial-electrification-in-the-u-s/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T150815Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T150815Z
UID:10000235-1718105400-1718110800@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Neighborhood-Scale Building Decarbonization: A Strategy for Eliminating Emissions from the Built Environment to Meet Our Climate Goals
DESCRIPTION:Credible\, at-scale solutions for eliminating emissions from buildings are still in their infancy. Building decarbonization was cited only once—in a footnote—in the IPCC 6th assessment. However\, attention to building decarbonization among policymakers and private sector practitioners is growing\, especially in the U.S. This focus is necessary\, as we need to decarbonize buildings to achieve local\, national\, and international climate goals. In the U.S.\, the built environment accounts for approx. 35% of economy-wide emissions. \nNew movements can pose an evidence synthesis challenge. Lack of published research\, a steep learning curve\, and a tendency to ignore relevant historical precedents can constrain the theory of change for the movement. The Building Decarbonization Coalition (BDC) addresses these gaps by drawing together a broad coalition of stakeholders to create and share knowledge. BDC’s membership consists of nearly 400 entities—ranging from multinational corporations like Daikin and Rheem to municipal governments\, utilities\, and individual practitioners—who are united in their commitment to reducing and eliminating emissions from the built environment. \nAt the What Works Climate Solutions Summit\, we seek to present our findings from a trailblazing new investigation into neighborhood-scale building decarbonization\, which is a set of tactics for transitioning thousands of buildings off the methane gas distribution network at once\, instead of relying on millions of individual consumers to independently decide to electrify their equipment. We’ve interviewed hundreds of knowledgeable stakeholders across the U.S. to gather and synthesize information that cannot be found in a Google search or academic journal. We have also combed through extensive regulatory proceedings\, legislative agendas\, and gas company records to surface key insights that have been buried in bureaucracy. We are excited to share these findings with the international climate community so that we can build on this knowledge to evolve our strategy from neighborhood scale to planetary scale.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/neighborhood-scale-building-decarbonization-a-strategy-for-eliminating-emissions-from-the-built-environment-to-meet-our-climate-goals/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T150704Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T150704Z
UID:10000234-1718105400-1718110800@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Fuel Economy Standards and Public Transport
DESCRIPTION:Corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards are a major environmental policy measure in both the EU and US. They require car producers to reach a fleet-wide level of average fuel efficiency. To design effective and efficient climate policies for the transport sector\, it is important to understand the relevant channels of fuel economy standards on welfare and emissions. The main focus in the conventional literature is on the welfare cost of compliance occurring in the automobile market from adjusting engine technology\, car features and pricing schedules. But fuel economy standards also reduce the marginal cost of driving and thus provide an incentive for households to switch their transport mode more often away from public transport to individual driving. By considering these shifting mode choices and their interactions with the urban form\, we identify and examine a new channel of fuel economy standards on welfare and emissions. To this end\, we incorporate public transport\, mode choice and vehicle choice into a monocentric city model that we calibrate with empirically justified parameters and solve numerically.\nOn the one hand\, fuel economy standards\, on average\, increase vehicle purchase costs. On the other hand\, they reduce the marginal cost of driving and\, thus\, provide an incentive for households to switch their transport mode choice more often away from public transport to individual driving. This causes additional carbon emissions and undermines the climate policy goals. Since the variable and fixed costs of the transit system must be covered by fewer passengers\, ticket prices rise endogenously\, making public transport use less attractive. The resulting feedback loop additionally exacerbates the mode switching behavior towards individual driving and the corresponding increase in emissions. We find welfare costs of 1056US$ p.p.p.a. for a 50% emission reduction considering mode choice\, vehicle choice\, ticket prices and adjustment of the urban form.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/fuel-economy-standards-and-public-transport/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T150553Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T150553Z
UID:10000233-1718105400-1718110800@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Charging ahead: Firm-level optimisation strategies for sustainable and cost-effective electric vehicle workplace charging
DESCRIPTION:Decarbonising the transportation sector is forecasted to result in a substantial increase in total electricity demand\, mainly incurred from charging electric vehicles (EVs). In an effort to reduce scope 3 emissions\, firms are building up extensive workplace charging infrastructure to encourage employees’ update of EVs. However\, many businesses tend to underestimate the impact of EV charging loads on the site’s overall electricity consumption profile at scale. In this paper we present the results of a case study which was carried out between the Oxford Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Impact Lab and a global car manufacturing firm with a large production site in southern Oxford\, UK. Drawing from Operations Research methods\, we compute quantitative estimates of sustainable (CO2 minimal) and cost-effective charging strategies by comparatively assessing the value of smart and bidirectional (V2X) charging\, benchmarked against the case of uncontrolled (dumb) charging. We found that smart- and bidirectional charging can reduce peak demand by -45% and -21%\, respectively. Moreover\, implementing a CO2-minimal charging strategy leads to -32% lower emissions while generating overall cost savings of -0.12 £/kWh. Our results demonstrate that the use of digital technologies at different application levels\, ranging from foundational optimisation algorithms to user-facing consumer apps as means to collect minimum battery state-of-charge (SoC) preferences\, offers substantial value in monetary and environmental terms. Drawing from this case study based on real-world empirical data\, we anticipate more businesses to follow suit by actively considering the implementation of digital software solutions for managing EV charging loads as equal counterpart to the rollout of charging hardware infrastructure. Moreover\, our study serves as blueprint for policymakers to incentivise firms and individuals to adopt digital technologies when managing EV workplace charging cycles which\, at scale\, facilitates the integration of renewable energy into the grid while simultaneously decreasing the need for substantial grid expansion.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/charging-ahead-firm-level-optimisation-strategies-for-sustainable-and-cost-effective-electric-vehicle-workplace-charging/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T150435Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T150435Z
UID:10000232-1718105400-1718110800@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:A Graph Neural Network Approach to Citywide Cycling Infrastructure Prioritization
DESCRIPTION:Increasing the share of cycling in urban areas has many benefits. Cycling improves the quality of life by reducing noise and air pollution\, improves individual health and\, most importantly\, reduces greenhouse gas emissions. The most important lever for promoting cycling is the improvement of cycling infrastructure. However\, public opinion is often deeply divided\, especially when it comes to allocating scarce resources\, such as funding and space\, between motorized traffic and cycling. Bridging this divide requires a nuanced approach to synthesizing evidence-based evidence for policymakers. To this end\, we seek to provide decision-makers with accurate citywide estimates of bicycle volumes that indicate areas where prioritized bicycle infrastructure improvements would be most beneficial.\nThe city of Berlin currently monitors bicycle movement at a mere 20 locations. We extrapolate cycling volumes from these locations to the entire cityscape at the street level\, using newly available data and state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms. In addition to infrastructure and weather indicators\, we use data from Strava\, a crowdsourced platform that allows users to track cycling activity. Across multiple publications\, Strava data is a promising indicator of overall cycling and is particularly useful because it provides street-level information. We combine this data with graph neural networks. This machine learning technique is particularly suited for extrapolating motorized traffic volumes\, as it is adept at capturing spatial and temporal dependencies and thereby captures the dependency dynamics of traffic data ideally.\nOur research is the first foray into harnessing the computational power of graph neural networks to extrapolate citywide bicycle volumes. Our work is currently still at an early stage\, but the positive initial results suggest that leveraging graph neural networks for estimating citywide bicycle volumes outperforms various baselines and has the potential to significantly inform evidence-based decisions on where to prioritize cycling infrastructure improvements in urban areas.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/a-graph-neural-network-approach-to-citywide-cycling-infrastructure-prioritization/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T143019Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T143019Z
UID:10000221-1718105400-1718110800@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Impact of Climate Change on Child Outcomes: An Evidence Gap Map Review
DESCRIPTION:Background: Despite their minimal contribution to greenhouse gases\, climate change significantly affects children. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on the impact of climate change on child health\, utilizing the Evidence Gap Map (EGM) to address knowledge gaps and establish a foundation for evidence-based interventions.\nMethod: This INPLASY-registered study adhered to Campbell Collaboration standards\, creating an EGM on the impact of climate on child health. From inception to the present\, we systematically identified global studies involving children aged 0-5 through database searches (Medline\, EMBASE\, Global Health\, CINAHL\, and Scopus). COVIDENCE facilitated a rigorous screening process\, and critical appraisal was conducted. Eligible studies underwent coding and extraction using Evidence for Policy and Practice Information (EPPI) reviewer software. The EGM construction employed EPPI Mapper\, presenting comprehensive findings through tables and figures.\nResult: From 11\,446 initial articles \, 196 underwent rigorous analysis\, revealing commendable methodological rigour. This study included 59.2% children and 40.8% neonates\, with diverse approaches\, including 94% quantitative studies. A notable trend is the surge in research over the past five years\, aligning with the increasing severity of extreme climate events. Disparities revealed a substantial concentration of extreme heat. Key outcomes comprised preterm birth (55 studies)\, low birth weight (27 studies)\, neonatal mortality\, malnutrition (59 studies)\, respiratory and diarrheal diseases (28 studies)\, mental health problems\, and child mortality.\nConclusion: This EGM is a crucial tool for researchers\, policymakers\, and practitioners\, highlighting knowledge gaps and guiding future research to address the evolving threats of climate change to global child health.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/impact-of-climate-change-on-child-outcomes-an-evidence-gap-map-review/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T142910Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T142910Z
UID:10000220-1718105400-1718110800@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Climate change and human health in South Asia: systematic mapping and evidence gap map to inform research priority-setting exercise
DESCRIPTION:Climate change is predicted to be the defining phenomenon of this century with substantial effect on health expected in South Asia- the most populous region in the world\, where impacts of climate change are projected to be most deleterious. To inform a research priority setting(RPS) exercise in India\, we aim to understand the status of empirical evidence on climate change in South Asia and health and identify research gaps.\nWe searched 5 electronic databases\, contacted experts and screened reference lists to identify studies and categorise them into research on 1. health impacts of climate change. 2. interventions to protect health from climate change. 3. climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts which target health risks specifically or as co-benefits. 4. policy\, governance\, and decision-making tools. 5. adaptation or development of tools and frameworks. We developed evidence gap maps for category 1\, 2 and 3 with outcomes classified into ten categories spanning the following types- environmental and sustainability\, human health \, and socio-economic.\nWe retrieved 7273 studies out of which after removing duplicates 6628 titles and abstracts were screened to identify 614 articles for full text evaluation. Full text evaluation is undergoing but the study as well as the accompanying RPS will be completed by the summit. We will present not only the results of the study but also our learnings in its use in RPS exercise to identify additional research questions as well as ratings for the RPS process which is nimble but would involve a wide group of stakeholders\, including people.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/climate-change-and-human-health-in-south-asia-systematic-mapping-and-evidence-gap-map-to-inform-research-priority-setting-exercise/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T142812Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T142812Z
UID:10000219-1718105400-1718110800@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Mapping the evidence of novel plant-based foods: A systematic review of nutritional\, health\, and environmental impacts in high-income countries
DESCRIPTION:Background: Shifting from current dietary patterns to diets rich in plant-based PB) foods and lower in animal-based foods (ABF) is generally regarded as a suitable strategy to improve nutritional health and reduce environmental impacts. Despite the recent growth in supply and demand of novel plant-based foods (NPBF)\, a comprehensive overview is lacking. Objectives: The aim of this review is to synthesise available evidence\, highlight challenges\, inform public health and environmental strategies and inform purposeful political decision making\, by systematically searching\, analysing and summarising the literature. Methods: We rigorously searched five peer-reviewed databases and grey literature sources for publications (2016 – 2022) that addressed the nutrient composition\, health effects\, and carbon footprints of NPBF in high-income countries. Results: We identified 57 peer-reviewed and 36 grey literature sources. We observed that NPBF typically have substantially lower environmental impacts than ABF\, but the nutritional contents are complex and varied considerably across brands\, product type and main primary ingredient. In the limited evidence on the health impacts\, shifts from ABF to PB meats were associated with positive health outcomes. However\, for PB drinks it was more mixed\, with some linked to micronutrient deficiencies. Conclusion: If carefully selected\, certain NPBF have the potential to be a healthier and nutrient-rich alternative to ABF\, and typically have lower environmental footprints. More disaggregated categorisation of various types of NPBF would be a helpful step in guiding consumers and key stakeholders to make informed decisions. Recommendations: To enable informed policymaking on the inclusion of NPBF in dietary transitions as part of a wider net-zero and health strategy\, future priorities should include nutritional food standards\, labelling and sub-division/categorisations of NPBF\, as well as short and long-term studies evaluating the health impacts on dietary shifts from ABF to NPBF and standardised environmental impact assessments\, ideally from independent funders.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/mapping-the-evidence-of-novel-plant-based-foods-a-systematic-review-of-nutritional-health-and-environmental-impacts-in-high-income-countries/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T142710Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T142710Z
UID:10000218-1718105400-1718110800@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Database coverage of primary studies included in evidence syntheses on climate-health
DESCRIPTION:Background\nHigh-quality evidence syntheses (ES) on climate-health are vital for policy making. To inform ES search methods it is important to assess the relevance of literature databases for this topic. \nObjectives\nOur aim was to assess the database coverage of a comprehensive set of primary studies included in published ES on climate-health. We investigated their coverage in PubMed and assessed if studies not indexed in PubMed were available in the Global Health database. \nMethods\nWe searched for climate-health related ES in MEDLINE\, Embase\, CINAHL\, Cochrane Library and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses in February 2021. The search yielded 8614 records after deduplication. 110 climate-health related ES were identified. We extracted all primary studies from the first 79 ES\, sorted by number of included studies. As climate change impacts human health via several pathways\, we classified each study according to exposure pathway. We examined the availability of each study in PubMed\, and if this was not the case\, we tested its availability in Global Health. \nResults\nWe extracted 2324 primary studies\, of which 1936 were relevant to a specific climate-health exposure pathway. The range of primary studies available for our analysis per pathway was 73 to 439. For three pathways (air quality\, heat stress\, water quality & quantity) PubMed coverage was very high\, at 91-94%. For another three pathways PubMed coverage was between 81-82% (extreme weather events\, food supply & safety\, vector distribution & ecology). Only the social factors pathway had an exceptionally low PubMed coverage of 40%. Half of the studies not available in PubMed were indexed in the Global Health database. \nConclusions\nPubMed coverage of climate-health primary studies is mostly comprehensive\, with a marked variability between three pathway clusters. Global Health can be recommended as secondary database. For some pathways additional sources are needed to identify all relevant studies.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/database-coverage-of-primary-studies-included-in-evidence-syntheses-on-climate-health/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T142553Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T142553Z
UID:10000217-1718105400-1718110800@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:AI-driven data complementarity to support international researchers in climate\, health\, and agriculture
DESCRIPTION:The potential for AI to support decision making in international development for climate\, health\, agriculture and associated domains is significant\, but the bias within current AI models favour data and use cases from high-income countries means that there is limited potential to satisfy the needs and requirements of users\, data stakeholders and communities in low- and middle-income countries. Elements of AI-driven data complementarity\, where data from one system can be optimised with data from another to produce new and novel knowledge\, offer an opportunity to not only increase the volume\, but also the diversity of data. This is especially important for the integration of data from low- and middle-income country partners\, who may have valuable data to contribute but lack infrastructure and systems to help make the data more widely available to the broader world\, resulting in an imbalance of ideas and innovation. Significant gaps within the data available to AI models impact the way that innovative AI-driven technologies identify existing and emerging challenges and hinder the solutions that are subsequently developed. For instance\, more than 450 organizations across 25 African countries maintain high-quality data-rich research repositories that\, due to outdated infrastructure and limited resources\, keep them from readily contributing to integrated global platforms including climate change guidance and recommendations for policy makers. Similar issues exist across low- and-middle income countries in Asia\, Latin America\, and the Middle East. In this session\, we will discuss new tools an approaches from the Juno Evidence Alliance that try to ensure AI-based analyses and the large-language models (LLMS) integrate diversity of data in ethical\, responsible ways.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/ai-driven-data-complementarity-to-support-international-researchers-in-climate-health-and-agriculture/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T093727Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T093727Z
UID:10000090-1718105400-1718110800@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:An Evidence and Gap Map of the ex-post literature on carbon pricing
DESCRIPTION:After more than 30 years of experience with implemented climate policies and a rapid growth in the scientific literature on these policies\, there is little overview about what policies have been empirically assessed for which policy outcomes. This may lead to duplicated research efforts and hinder rigorous syntheses of available evidence. To identify crucial research gaps and to lead the way towards ecosystems of reviews\, we compile an evidence and gap map focussing on ex-post policy assessments of carbon taxes and emission trading schemes. Preliminary results show that the scientific attention is heavily focussed on emission trading schemes in China and the EU\, while for many of the other 60 carbon pricing schemes the evidence is limited to no or very few scientific publications. We identify large bodies of evidence (>200 publications) which have not yet been synthesised in rigorous systematic reviews for the outcome categories competitiveness of firms and economies\, firm behaviour\, innovation and investment\, as well as price transmission to goods and services. We will provide the evidence and gap map as an interactive tool and accessible database to inform future research and to be used as a source for evidence syntheses on carbon pricing policies.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/an-evidence-and-gap-map-of-the-ex-post-literature-on-carbon-pricing/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T093606Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T093606Z
UID:10000089-1718105400-1718110800@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:How effective were the Chinese regional emissions-trading schemes? A meta-analytic answer
DESCRIPTION:China is by far the largest CO2 emitter in the world and its emissions keep on rising. This makes China the single-most important country to study the effectiveness of national mitigation policies. One key pillar in China’s effort to reach its Paris targets while maintaining rapid economic growth are emissions-trading schemes (ETS). Starting in 2013\, China introduced several regional ETS to inform the introduction of a national ETS. Until the latter was rolled out in 2021\, the regional ETS combined were the second-largest ETS in the world. Utilizing China’s regional ETS as unique quasi-natural experiments\, a large strand of literature has emerged to rigorously study their effectiveness. In this study\, we systematically synthesize the existing evidence from publications written in English and Chinese.\nWhile most studies find that the regional ETS did reduce CO2 emissions\, the estimated magnitude of this effect varies greatly. Synthesizing estimates from more than 60 studies through meta-analysis\, we find that the true effect of the regional pilots under the assumption of no bias would be an overall reduction of around 14% over a period of around five years. This would imply effectiveness similar to what an OECD report estimated for the second phase of the EU-ETS (Dechezleprêtre et al.\, 2018). Worryingly\, there is strong evidence for a small-study effect\, possibly due to publication bias. In order to design future policies\, it is important to account for the possibility of publication bias in primary studies. Doing so leads to more pessimistic expectations of what the Chinese ETS may contribute to climate-change mitigation.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/how-effective-were-the-chinese-regional-emissions-trading-schemes-a-meta-analytic-answer/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T093435Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T093435Z
UID:10000088-1718105400-1718110800@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Five decades of research on border carbon adjustments – a systematic review of the literature
DESCRIPTION:In a world of nationally determined climate action\, ambitious climate policies in some regions that are not matched by similar efforts in trade partners entail the risk of carbon leakage. Carbon border adjustment mechanisms that impose carbon costs comparable to those of domestic producers are a way to level the playing field and alleviate leakage risks. Such mechanisms have been debated in the academic literature for about 50 years\, but only very recently seen practical implementation in the European Union (EU)\, whose Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) imposes a price comparable to that applied under the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) on emissions embedded in imports of certain carbon-intensive basic materials\, such as iron and steel. Previous papers have surveyed the literature on carbon border adjustments in a variety of disciplines\, including economics\, legal studies and political science\, with the last comprehensive literature review conducted over a decade ago. We aim to extend and update these contributions by conducting a systematic review of the relevant literature. Based on a keyword search\, we will establish a database of articles to be reviewed. These will be coded to track the evolution of topics addressed in such research and the interest of different scientific communities over time. These insights will then be used to single out major issues on which scholars agree or disagree\, and to identify the underlying reasons for overlapping or conflicting views. Finally\, the systematic review will also help identify remaining research gaps in light of the evolving political debate around BCAs.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/five-decades-of-research-on-border-carbon-adjustments-a-systematic-review-of-the-literature/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T093317Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240521T081213Z
UID:10000087-1718105400-1718110800@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:The carbon pricing paradox
DESCRIPTION:Carbon pricing\, in varied forms\, is an expression of economic theory known for close to 100 years\, and has been proposed in climate policy analysis for 35 years. Yet global progress remains patchy and clearly inadequate\, and in the US – the country in which economists most actively and persistently promoted the carbon pricing agenda – carbon pricing is generally considered “off the table” of any serious political debate. \nTo date\, the IPCC has consistently failed to reach either consistency\, between models and empirics\, or consensus\, between IPCC authors with conflicting world-views on carbon pricing. This talk would outline this background\, arguing a missed opportunity in the Sixth Assessment. \nAgainst this realpolitik empirical background\, this talk would advance a paradox: that carbon pricing can only succeed if its proponents become more modest in what it can realistically deliver; more fundamentally aware of not just distributional but also of political and psychological determinants; and acknowledge the vital contribution of complementary policy instruments. Building upon a recent paper in the Oxford Journal of Economic Policy\, the presentation will advance a broadened economic theory\, as well as political basis\, for regarding other instruments not as “second best”\, but as part of a set of complementary actions necessarily required to foster deep decarbonisation. \nAt the same time\, the presentation will warn against a growing tendency in some academic circles to diminish or disregard the contribution of carbon pricing entirely. Drawing upon empirical observations about the importance of energy prices over long periods\, as well as more fundamental economic principles\, the paper will argue that in the long run it will be impossible to secure deep decarbonisation without strong and robust carbon pricing. \nThe challenge is how to get there\, and intersections of evidence\, theory\, and process we might need to do so.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/the-carbon-pricing-paradox/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T093152Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T093152Z
UID:10000086-1718105400-1718110800@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Greenhouse gas (GHG) pricing and mortality: evidence from a systematic review and meta-regression
DESCRIPTION:According to the World Health Organization (WHO)\, the climate crisis constitutes the “greatest threat to global health in the 21st century”\, the impacts of which are extremely unequally distributed. Economic activity associated with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions results in air pollution mortality\, among other consequences for ill-health. The air quality experienced by 99% of the global population does not meet WHO recommended standards. Thereby\, air pollution is thought responsible for one in 14 deaths. Health co-benefits of climate mitigation generally and GHG pricing specifically are currently largely ignored in policy assessment and decision-making. \nWe present a systematic review and meta-regression of statistical modelling studies analysing how GHG pricing could change ambient air pollution mortality. We find a reduction of ambient air pollution mortality associated with GHG pricing and examine the variation in findings across contexts using meta-regression. However\, there were various threats to validity in the studies – for example\, they often lacked calibration using observational data – meaning that our confidence in the studies was not always high. More generally\, there is a need for more transparent reporting\, which could be facilitated by accepted reporting standards in the field. Our systematic searches identified a relative lack of studies in upper middle- and lower middle-income countries where air pollution is particularly high. Future studies examining the health effects of GHG pricing in these contexts are needed. As with other urgent public health crisis such as Covid-19\, these need to be assessed based on currently available evidence.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/greenhouse-gas-ghg-pricing-and-mortality-evidence-from-a-systematic-review-and-meta-regression/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T084538Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T084538Z
UID:10000060-1718105400-1718110800@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Dichotomy or Continuum? A global review of the interaction between autonomous and planned adaptations
DESCRIPTION:Adaptation to climate change is often conceptualized as either/or\, as a dichotomy\, with adaptation responses being categorized as either planned (formal and structured) or autonomous (organic\, self-organized\, everyday). There is recent anecdotal and theoretical evidence on the existence and importance of the interplay between autonomous and planned adaptation\, however examination of this interaction has been limited to date. We use a global database of 1\,682 peer-reviewed articles on adaptation responses (from the Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative\, GAMI) to systematically examine autonomous and planned adaptations\, both quantitatively and qualitatively\, with an emphasis on how these types of adaptations interact with one another. We propose a third category\, mixed adaptation\, which demonstrates characteristics of both autonomous and planned types\, and which recognizes nuances in how organization\, external support\, formality\, and autonomy manifest in the fuzzy space between the two. We find that more than one-third of articles reporting on adaptation responses fall into this mixed category\, with cases across sectors and world regions. We develop a qualitative typology of mixed adaptation that identifies nine ways that autonomous and planned adaptation interact and influence each other both positively and negatively. Based on these findings\, we argue for more nuanced examinations of the interplay between autonomous and planned adaptation\, and for conceptualizing adaptation planning as a continuum between the two rather than a dichotomy. This has implications for research design\, which often do not explicitly consider the interactions between autonomous and planned\, rather focus on either/or. This additionally brings questions to policy norms in the era of the Global Stocktake\, where most indicator frameworks focus on planned adaptation\, thus missing huge swaths of effective and equitable adaptation\, occurring in the form of mixed and autonomous adaptation.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/dichotomy-or-continuum-a-global-review-of-the-interaction-between-autonomous-and-planned-adaptations/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T084419Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T084419Z
UID:10000059-1718105400-1718110800@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Progress and Gaps in National Adaptation Policy
DESCRIPTION:Globally\, national governments are developing policies and plans to increase resilience to climate hazards across all sectors. To date\, most methodologies used for tracking adaptation progress focus exclusively on policies and plans that explicitly mention climate adaptation\, unfortunately\, this practice leads to the exclusion of many policies that increase climate resilience but are not explicitly called adaptation policies\, leading to an incomplete understanding of progress in this area. Using a novel methodology that utilizes a comprehensive definition of adaptation policy that includes a broader range of resilience policies than traditional tracking methods\, we develop national policy inventories for adaptation in India and the United States and illustrate the landscape of adaptation policies in both countries. Through this comprehensive policy inventory and assessment\, we identify key gaps and areas for increased policy attention in both countries. This work provides a critical contribution to our understanding of national-level adaptation policy progress as well as a methodological contribution that can be replicated to better understand adaptation progress in other countries.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/progress-and-gaps-in-national-adaptation-policy/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T084307Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T084307Z
UID:10000058-1718105400-1718110800@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Ways forward in global adaptation evidence synthesis: Lessons learnt from GAMI and beyond
DESCRIPTION:Evidence of climate change adaptation has grown exponentially in recent years and decades. However\, this evidence base is highly heterogeneous in its methods\, context-specificity\, and relevance for effective risk reduction. The Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative (GAMI) was the first systematic evidence synthesis project that mapped adaptation literature from across the globe and categorised the evidence regarding adaptation types\, patterns\, and regional and sectoral clusters and gaps. After GAMI has been successfully finished\, fed into IPCC AR6 reports\, and used for various spin-off scientific papers\, it is time to take stock: What did and what did not work well in the GAMI process? By whom\, for which purposes and with which methods was the GAMI data used? What are future directions and recommendations for global adaptation evidence synthesis? This paper builds on a survey and group discussion among the GAMI core and advisory teams as well as lead authors of GAMI spin-off papers to collect experiences\, amongst others\, about the opportunities and limitations of the dataset\, extensions and re-analyses of the dataset in the various spin-off projects\, and recommendations for more effective adaptation evidence synthesis. The results of this analysis provide the basis for a new initiative for mapping and tracking global adaptation efforts and integration with novel machine learning-assisted methods\, which can feed into the Global Stocktake (2029) and 7th IPCC assessment cycle.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/ways-forward-in-global-adaptation-evidence-synthesis-lessons-learnt-from-gami-and-beyond/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T084142Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T084152Z
UID:10000057-1718105400-1718110800@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Mapping and synthesizing evidence on global adaptation progress: Achievements of GAMI and lessons for the future
DESCRIPTION:As climate change adaptation is unfolding across the world\, a scientific evaluation of progress in adaptation is ever more important. Adaptation projects are increasingly reported and assessed in the scientific literature\, covering an growing breadth of case studies from across different world regions and sectors such as agriculture\, critical infrastructure or settlements. Learning from the systematic mapping and synthesis of adaptation evidence documented in such scientific studies was the main objective of the Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative (GAMI). Launched as a research community effort during the IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Cycle (AR6) it has by now generated an important global knowledge base for the evaluation of adaptation. Next to global overview publications (synthesizing close to 3000 articles)\, a considerable number of regional or sector-specific in-depth studies as well as thematic and methodological extensions to the original data set have been published by now. With a view towards AR7 it is therefore time to stake stock current achievements and debate requirements for the future.\nThe session aims to collect and discuss lessons learned within GAMI and reflect on the implications for future adaptation mapping and synthesis. Contributions with a methodological\, conceptual\, empirical or modeling focus are all welcome. Presentations might concentrate on different sectors and regions or address the overall global picture. We invite not only contributions from colleagues who have contributed to GAMI but explicitly also from users who have not been involved but see a need to discuss potential shortcomings and improvements. Questions of the session include but are not limited to: Which methodological challenges exist in the GAMI approach and how can they be overcome? How can GAMI results be validated and triangulated with other data sets? How can the coding methodology of GAMI be combined with other methods e.g. in the field of large language models?
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/session-mapping-and-synthesizing-evidence-on-global-adaptation-progress-achievements-of-gami-and-lessons-for-the-future/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T080548Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T080548Z
UID:10000038-1718105400-1718110800@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Delayed carbon debt drawdown fails younger generations
DESCRIPTION:Current emissions trends may deplete a 1.5°C consistent carbon budget in approximately 6 years\, resulting in a period of exceedance. To inform the equitable realignment of efforts that minimize exceedance magnitude and duration\, we propose the use of ‘net-zero carbon debt’. Net-zero carbon debt is a measure that combines ‘fair’ shares of a remaining carbon budget with carbon drawdown responsibilities during the period of exceedance. We apply this measure to evaluate a set of regional emissions scenarios ranging from current policies to targets and pledges\, considering the per capita allocation of a remaining 1.5°C carbon budget from the year 1990. Quantifications of regional net-zero carbon debt are used to attribute regional responsibility for exceedance drawdown and proportional responsibility for regional climate impacts if this does not occur. Even under our most optimistic assessment of current global ambition\, younger generations in regions accruing net-zero carbon debts inherit annual average exceedance drawdown responsibilities ranging from 0.7-5.6 GtCO2/year between 2050-2100\, while those born in 2020 in these regions are expected to experience 1.1-1.9 times increase in lifetime extreme heatwave exposure relative to a reference 1.5°C scenario if this drawdown does not occur. This analysis can inform the operationalization of equitable intertemporal and interregional effort sharing mechanisms that persist beyond exhaustion of a remaining carbon budget.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/delayed-carbon-debt-drawdown-fails-younger-generations/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T080323Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T080323Z
UID:10000036-1718105400-1718110800@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Justice in and beyond integrated assessment modelling
DESCRIPTION:Justice is emerging as a lens for evaluating the scenarios and pathways generated by integrated assessment models for inclusion in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports. We aim at constructing a framework for incorporating justice into IAM tools and scenarios. Drawing upon 39 interviews with a multi-disciplinary range of experts embodying gradients of involvement with IAMs and justice-informed assessment\, we map three prospective avenues – ranging from incremental to fundamental – within which IAM work might better recognize and incorporate justice dimensions. We question the degree to which justice has historically and can prospectively be accounted for in IAM tools and scenarios\, and conclude with recommendations for incorporating justice that would be ‘robust’ or broadly amenable across the perspectives that our solicited experts represent.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/justice-in-and-beyond-integrated-assessment-modelling/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T080200Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T080200Z
UID:10000035-1718105400-1718110800@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Closing decent living gaps in sustainable development pathways with strong equity improvements
DESCRIPTION:Environmental action and international development are two closely linked agendas that dominate international policy discussions. It is therefore important to understand how inequalities and basic needs that are central to development are affected or resolved by environmental policies. \nHere\, we will showcase new development on integrating the material prerequisites for human well-being (using the Decent Living Standards framework; DLS) with energy and emissions scenarios (using Integrated Assessment Models; IAMs). This provides a representation of inequalities in IAMs beyond monetary indicators\, at a country-level\, for three sectors. \nOur new model (DESIREv0.1.0) can be used to both (i) steer the construction of scenarios with IAMs through an iterative process by providing energy targets\, and (ii) assess the size of the energy gap over time\, with the related need for redistribution\, increase in energy use\, or efficiency improvements. \nIn this presentation\, we focus on the outcomes of a set of Sustainable Development Pathways (SDPs)\, which pursue the achievement of all Sustainable Development Goals. All scenarios assume radical within-country inequality reductions and meet stringent climate mitigation targets in line with the Paris Agreement. Between-country economic inequality reduces faster than in SSP1 too\, with the speed of convergence varied across scenarios. \nWe project extremely fast reductions in populations living below the energy requirement for DLS. The energy requirements for DLS themselves decrease due to improvements in service provisioning efficiency. Energy gaps also become very small for household energy needs\, and by mid-century all regions have some energy beyond DLS. We also show how the emissions related to delivering energy for DLS are less than the remaining carbon budget under the SDPs\, but much more if no climate policies are implemented. compare the emissions related to providing DLS to the remaining carbon budget.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/closing-decent-living-gaps-in-sustainable-development-pathways-with-strong-equity-improvements/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T130000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T075907Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T075907Z
UID:10000034-1718105400-1718110800@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Breaking Barriers with Patterns: A Participatory Approach for Integrating Justice into Global Mitigation Scenarios
DESCRIPTION:Integrated assessment models (IAMs) commonly used by policymakers in climate decision-making have been criticized for insufficiently incorporating certain justice considerations\, and for being relatively closed to stakeholder inputs and feedback. Based on a comprehensive justice framework\, this work responds to both criticisms and proposes a flexible and pragmatic approach to operationalize distributive justice: justice patterns. Justice patterns are stylized trajectories that represent a specific understanding of distributive justice\, thereby representing either an Aggregate Utilitarian\, Prioritarian\, Egalitarian\, Sufficientarian or Limitarian stand. Those justice patterns can be used to analyze a variety of distributional questions (the distribution of e.g. costs\, benefits\, impacts) as well as intra- and inter-generational justice problem statements.\nSubsequently\, we use justice patterns to derive justice diagnostics for all global mitigation scenarios that were part of the IPCC’s sixth assessment cycle\, and identify the most prominent justice perspectives in current climate scenarios. Furthermore\, we use justice patterns to develop an interactive web-app that systematically inquires justice perceptions of stakeholders.\nWe find that the app is effective in making justice discussions more accessible and tangible. We further find that what is perceived as just varies depending on the distributed object and that Aggregate Utilitarian – represented by growth in all regions – is not a preferred option.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/breaking-barriers-with-patterns-a-participatory-approach-for-integrating-justice-into-global-mitigation-scenarios/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T093000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T110000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T145321Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T145321Z
UID:10000225-1718098200-1718103600@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Do climatic stresses and extremes pose greater risk to poor urban women? A study of slums in Delhi\, India
DESCRIPTION:Climate change is one the greatest developmental challenges confronting cities in countries such as India. Urban poor especially women face the major brunt of changing climatic conditions because of their high dependence on natural resources\, and limited capacity to cope with climate variability thus negatively impacting their livelihoods. The present study aims to capture the differential in vulnerability and risk to climate change faced by the urban poor women living in slums across the five districts of National Capital Territory of Delhi\, the capital city of India. This assessment has been done using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The quantitative assessment was done by developing a composite index Gender based Climate Risk Index (GCRI). The risk index is based on IPCC AR5 risk assessment framework in combination with Caroline Moser‘s Gender Analysis Framework to capture the gender related components of vulnerability and risk. The GCRI had 4 sub-indices namely Hazards\, Exposure\, Sensitivity and Lack of adaptive capacity. Each of these components have a number of indicators. The qualitative assessment has been done using several Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) tools. GCRI computed at the slum level in the city of Delhi has shown that despite facing same level of hazards\, the slum population faced much higher level of risk to climatic changes due to their greater exposure\, sensitivity (Poor health and Reproductive health) and lack of adaptive capacity (low literacy levels\, ownership and access to resources and poor economic participation). The slum women in Delhi faced 14 percent points greater climate related risk as compared to the women residing in the city of Delhi. It is therefore important to incorporate the gender perspective in the slum upgradation plans as well as enhance the adaptive capacity of women of to enable as well as equip them to face such climatic challenges.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/do-climatic-stresses-and-extremes-pose-greater-risk-to-poor-urban-women-a-study-of-slums-in-delhi-india/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T093000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T110000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T145213Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240515T095623Z
UID:10000224-1718098200-1718103600@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Designing inclusive African coastal cities’ resilience
DESCRIPTION:The “Designing inclusive African coastal cities’ resilience” (INACCT Resilience) project is an action-oriented research project focused on two coastal cities: Durban (South Africa)\, and Beira (Mozambique)\, both having recently experienced extreme climate-related flooding that caused severe damage\, displacement\, and loss of life. Through a transdisciplinary approach\, the project aims to enhance proactive\, inclusive and evidence-informed urban resilience in African coastal cities\, by exploring what measures can and should be in place to prevent and mitigate disasters\, specifically flooding. Based on the two city studies\, the transdisciplinary project team is collaborating with local government and communities to assess how urban coastal resilience can be conceptualised and developed through a co-designed ‘Gender Responsive Resilience Planning Framework’. This framework will serve as a blueprint for fostering proactive\, adaptive and transformative capacities within coastal urban systems across Africa. Particular attention is on understanding resilience through the lens of local communities from a ‘negotiated just’ resilience perspective. Innovative methodologies such as photovoice; a qualitative approach involving collecting photographs taken by participants alongside their own stories and lived experiences. This provides rich insight into the realities of individuals who have been most affected by climate-related disasters in eThekwini and Beira. This participatory approach not only generates valuable data but also fosters relationships and trust researchers and communities. Emerging findings from the research highlight diverse interpretations of resilience and what that means for policy and practice and underscores the resilience and adaptability of informal settlement in the face of climate hazards. Despite being exposed to risks\, these communities demonstrate resilience through innovative collaboration with various stakeholder and creative approaches to disaster planning and response.. The presentation emphasizes the critical role of intermediaries\, knowledge brokering\, and relationship-building in strengthening community resilience to disaster risk. By understanding and incorporating local perspectives\, the project aims to develop tailored resilience strategies
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/designing-inclusive-african-coastal-cities-resilience/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T093000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T110000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T145035Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T145035Z
UID:10000223-1718098200-1718103600@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:The role of municipalities in implementing just transitions
DESCRIPTION:The 2020s is arguably the most important decade for climate action in human history. By 2030\, either the world will keep alive the goals of the Paris Agreement\, or put them out of reach. There are unprecedented waves of momentum for change\, as there are limits to change with current approaches\, which requires critical reflection\, course correction and experimenting with new ideas and new ways of working. At the heart of this challenge is implementation. Central to implementation\, is the role of cities\, where now the majority of the world population lives. The progress achieved by the multilateral process under the UNFCCC\, provides a platform from which cities can catalyse action at scale and speed. This includes increased participation in the formulation and implementation of the next round of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)\, through for example the Coalition for High Ambition Multilevel Partnerships (CHAMP). Nationally opportunities are also present. In South Africa this includes the Just Transition Framework (JTF)\, Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP\, announced at COP 26)\, JET Investment Plan\, JET Implementation Plan\, all of which allocate a major role for cities. This research explores the role of cities in visioning and guiding just transitions through the experience of the Steve Tshwete Local Municipality (STLM)\, a municipality in the heart of the coal belt of South Africa and at the forefront of a just transition\, and investigates the role of knowledge and policy processes in developing STLM’s Integrated Development Plan’s (IDP) just transition chapter\, and in developing just transition projects for the municipality and reflects on learnings from this process. The research aims to highlight findings and insights that can be shared with other African cities as they too seek to steer their own just transitions and climate action.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/the-role-of-municipalities-in-implementing-just-transitions/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T093000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T110000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T144916Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T144916Z
UID:10000222-1718098200-1718103600@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Offsetting and insetting in city net-zero plans
DESCRIPTION:To contribute to Paris Agreement objectives\, non-state actors globally are increasingly developing voluntary emission reduction goals. Cities represent an important group with net-zero or similar plans\, but significant variation exists in how they intend to meet these targets. A lack of research exists on the role of carbon offsetting (carbon dioxide removal or avoided emissions outside the city’s geographic boundaries) and insetting (carbon dioxide removal within the city’s boundaries) in city net-zero plans. However\, better understanding these strategies can help inform future policy on effective climate mitigation by cities. This study uses a mixed-method design to explore how cities use offsetting and insetting. The NetZero Tracker has reviewed 1186 net-zero plans of cities around the world. We use regression analysis to explore what factors (e.g. population size\, GDP\, ambition of climate commitment) are associated with cities’ choice of emission compensation strategies. Focusing then on only cities that include offsetting or insetting in their climate plan\, we conduct a document analysis and code key themes in city plans as they relate to emissions compensation strategies. Preliminary results show that of the 66 cities which plan to use offsetting\, most intend to prioritise emissions reductions but recognize that compensation strategies will be needed to offset remaining emissions. The majority intend to acquire offsets at or around their target year to cancel these emissions\, indicating a risk of only compensating in the last year. Further\, most recognize the need to develop guidelines around the use of offsetting\, but few have yet done so. Our study further explores whether and how the ambition level of city climate commitments is correlated with their use of offsetting or insetting. This research provides new insights into offsetting and insetting by cities\, which we hope will contribute to future policy development of city net-zero strategies.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/offsetting-and-insetting-in-city-net-zero-plans/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T093000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T110000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T141622Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T141622Z
UID:10000211-1718098200-1718103600@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:The impact of ambient temperature on Salmonella and Campylobacter infections in the context of climate change: A Systematic review and meta-analysis
DESCRIPTION:Introduction: Various epidemiological studies have investigated the incidence of Salmonella and Campylobacter infections in response to climate variations. In this study\, we have conducted a comprehensive review and analysis of the existing global epidemiological evidence in order to assess the association between temperature exposure and the risk of Salmonella and Campylobacter infections in diverse climatic zones.\nMethods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed\, Scopus\, Embase\, and Web of Science from January 1990 to January 09\, 2024. We included peer reviewed original observational studies reporting the association of increasing ambient temperatures with Salmonella and Campylobacter infection. A random effects meta-analysis was performed to pool the relative risks (RRs) per 1 ◦C increase in temperature. Additionally\, we conducted subgroup analyses based on the Koppen Geiger climate zones. Finally\, we evaluated the quality and strength of evidence using the Navigation Guide systematic review methodology framework.\nFindings: The search process yielded 1367 studies\, of which 50 studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. Out of the included studies\, 36 were deemed suitable for meta-analysis; 21 studies (with 40 estimates) on Salmonellosis and 15 studies (with 22 estimates) on Campylobacteriosis. The meta-analysis showed that the risk of enteric infection incidence increased per 1°C rise in temperature by 6.0% (95% CI 5.0–7.0%) for Salmonellosis and by 4.0% (95% CI 3.0–6.0%) for Campylobacteriosis. Subgroup analyses by climate zones suggested greater effects of temperature in humid subtropical climate zone (RR = 1.12\, 95% CI: 1.06–1.18) and warm humid continental climate zone (RR = 1.03\, 95% CI: 1.02–1.04) for Salmonellosis and Campylobacteriosis respectively. The overall strength of evidence was found to be “sufficient” for Salmonellosis but “limited” for Campylobacteriosis. Our results showed that the risk of both enteric infections increased with temperatures\, with varying risks across climate zones.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/the-impact-of-ambient-temperature-on-salmonella-and-campylobacter-infections-in-the-context-of-climate-change-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T093000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T110000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T141450Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T141450Z
UID:10000210-1718098200-1718103600@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Unprecedented warming demands unprecedented action: the 2024 Europe Report of the Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change
DESCRIPTION:The Lancet Countdown in Europe (LCDE) aims to provide accessible information on the broadscale health impacts of climate change\, and the health co-benefits of climate action in Europe by developing indicators to track changes over time across the continent. 41 indicators track climate-health relationships over the period 1950-2022 across five themes (1) impact\, exposure\, and vulnerability; (2) adaption\, planning and resilience; (3) mitigation actions and health co-benefits; (4) economics and finance; and (5) politics and governance. Indicators suggest that the negative health impacts of climate change are rapidly increasing compared to baseline levels\, with most impacts worsening since the last reporting period in 2022. Rising temperatures increased heat-related mortality\, reduced labour supply\, and increased periods of risky hours for physical activity beyond the hottest part of the day. Exposure to extreme events such as heatwaves\, wildfire hazards\, and droughts have increased in most European subregions\, also resulting in large health impacts including increased food insecurity. Furthermore\, the climatic suitability for a wide range of climate-sensitive infectious diseases and their vectors (e.g.\, leishmaniasis\, West Nile virus\, dengue\, malaria\, Ixodes ricinus ticks) continues to increase rapidly across Europe. These health threats were experienced differently across European subregions and population groups – with southern Europe tending to be more affected by heat-related illnesses\, wildfires\, drought\, food insecurity\, and leishmaniasis\, whereas northern Europe is equally or more negatively affected by Vibrio and ticks. Yet\, appropriate adaptation and mitigation remain largely neglected. The 2024 LCDE report highlights that climate change impacts on human health are not far-in-the-future theoretical scenarios and that – despite some progress in mitigation and adaptation – current emission reduction efforts are inadequate\, jeopardising environmental and human health in Europe and across the globe.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/unprecedented-warming-demands-unprecedented-action-the-2024-europe-report-of-the-lancet-countdown-on-health-and-climate-change/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T093000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20240611T110000
DTSTAMP:20260908T224500
CREATED:20240508T141324Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240508T141324Z
UID:10000209-1718098200-1718103600@test.whatworksclimate.solutions
SUMMARY:Evidence mapping - Quantitative synthesis/meta-analysis Systematic review of effectiveness of interventions to reduce carbon-emissions within secondary healthcare: issues with conducting reliable primary research and identifying trustworthy findings
DESCRIPTION:Healthcare services contribute 1% -5% towards global environmental impacts. The Climate Change Act (2008) set targets for the 100% reduction of 1990 carbon emission level in England by 2050.3 Work identifying and delivering interventions to reduce carbon emissions within healthcare supply chains and models of care delivery\, is underway.\nTo complement this work\, we aimed to systematically review primary-evidence examining intervention effectiveness in reducing the carbon footprint for medical specialities within secondary healthcare settings. We searched four bibliographic databases covering health care and environmental sciences\, including MEDLINE and Embase\, Environment Complete and Science Citation Index database. We conducted backward/forward citation searching and searched relevant websites\, Google Search\, and checked relevant systematic reviews\, and the Healthcare Life-cycle Assessment (LCA) database. Two reviewers independently undertook title and abstract and full-text screening\, resolving disagreements through discussion. One reviewer data-extracted all studies\, and quality-appraised LCA studies with a tool based upon Weideima’s guidelines\, which was checked by a second. Findings were tabulated and synthesised narratively.\n88 studies (92 articles) met eligibility criteria across five intervention categories: Accessing care (n=39)\, Product level (n=22)\, Multiple (n=10)\, Care Delivery (n=9) and Setting (n=12). Urology (n=14)\, Gastroenterology (n=13) and Oncology/Radiation oncology (n=13) were the most common specialities represented. 25 articles used LCA methods\, with the highest number in urology product-level interventions (n=7). The most common type of intervention was telemedicine (n=26\, including 3 LCAs). Studies conducted using LCA and non-LCA methods contained common methodological flaws\, making it difficult to accurately determine the systemic impact of interventions intended to reduce carbon-emissions. This has important implications regarding a) ensuring those conducting carbon-emission reduction projects within healthcare settings possess the required skills/knowledge on how to do so b) reflecting on how policy makers can best make use of the evidence available and c) ensuring future research addresses the methodological limitations identified.
URL:https://test.whatworksclimate.solutions/presentation/evidence-mapping-quantitative-synthesis-meta-analysis-systematic-review-of-effectiveness-of-interventions-to-reduce-carbon-emissions-within-secondary-healthcare-issues-with-conducting-reliable-prim/
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