Food security and environmental crises have become major concerns worldwide, particularly affecting vulnerable groups in the Global South. Small-scale producers must adopt innovative, climate-adaptive practices to mitigate these crises. Norad commissioned AIR to synthesize the barriers and facilitators to successful climate adaptations in food production for small-scale food producers and fishers. We identified 1,627 process… Continue reading Results from an Evidence Synthesis of Process Evaluations of Climate Adaptation in Smallholder Food Production Programs

Human behaviour is a key driver of climate change, and behavioural science interventions offer promising opportunities to promote positive environmental/climate and development outcomes. Yet rigorous empirical guidance is lacking in terms of how to change behaviour most effectively to support adaptation and emissions reductions in developing countries. The primary objective of this systematic review (SR)… Continue reading Behavioural science interventions within the development and environmental fields in developing countries: A systematic review

Reaching a pathway towards net zero GHG emissions requires massive investments in low-carbon infrastructure. At the same time, it is crucial to rapidly transition finance away from fossil assets. Accordingly, the redirection of finance flows is a key objective of the Paris Agreement (Art. 2.1c). Over the last decade, countries have started to enact policies… Continue reading Systematic review of the effectiveness of green financial policies in re-directing finance flows in line with the Paris Agreement

Offsetting has become an increasingly prominent instrument in climate and environmental policy. The focus here is primarily on carbon and biodiversity offsetting, with water being added as a new type of offset. In the discussions to date, these three offsetting types have largely been considered in isolation. This could lead to new externalities caused by… Continue reading Adding Water to the Nexus: A Systematic Review of Carbon, Biodiversity, and Water Offsetting

At present nearly 150 countries and regions are ready to propose or have already proposed carbon neutral targets, and finance is a key issue in global climate governance. China has pledged to "strive to reach the peak before 2030 and strive to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060", which requires up to 100 trillion yuan of financial… Continue reading Co-benefits of CO2 emission reduction from China’s green finance pilot policy between 2012-2020

Deforestation, especially in the tropics, is bad news. It contributes to climate change, but also to the degradation of biodiversity and the decrease in the quality and availability of water re-sources. Payments for forest conservation, which compensate landowners for the preservation of forest cover, have been proposed as a way to curb deforestation. Very conflicting… Continue reading Are Payments for Forest Conservation a Cost-Effective Way to Fight Climate Change? A Meta-Analysis

Many net-zero emission targets by governments and fi¬rms rely on offsetting emissions. Several studies have raised concerns about the environmental integrity of individual offset projects, though systematic evidence is missing. We synthesised existing rigorous empirical studies evaluating 2,353 offset projects across all major offset sectors. Our analysis shows that offset projects achieved considerably lower emissions… Continue reading Systematic review of the achieved emissions reductions of carbon offset projects across all major sectors

A critical factor in determining the ecological and economic benefits of photovoltaic investments is the projected lifespan of the installed photovoltaic modules. Therefore, a well-founded estimate of the decline in power output over an extended period is essential in assessing whether an installation under a specific set of conditions can meet performance expectations. This power… Continue reading Long-term Degradation Rate of Photovoltaic Modules: A Meta-analysis

In recent years, there has been increasing research on and attention for the climate-health nexus. There is no longer a lack of scientific evidence on the impacts of climate change on human health, wellbeing and vice versa. However, the available knowledge is not yet sufficiently applied and integrated into policymaking. To date, health policies remain… Continue reading Promoting evidence informed policymaking on the climate and health nexus: Insights into two policy research projects

Occupational heat stress poses significant challenges to workers and businesses. As the effects of climate change worsen, the world must adapt faster. Higher ambient temperatures and heat waves lead to higher incidences of occupational heat-related illnesses and injuries among the workforce, including heat exhaustion, heat stroke, accidents, acute kidney injury, and subsequent fatal chronic kidney… Continue reading Creating a model for preventing occupational heat stress in a world experiencing climate change

Addressing the climate change crisis requires global cooperation to implement solutions that are informed by the best-available evidence. As emphasized by the Global Commission on Evidence, this requires investing in the global evidence architecture for a suite of living evidence syntheses (LESs) on priority questions (including climate change), and leveraging technology to enable LESs to… Continue reading Producing ultra-rapid contextualized evidence syntheses to inform pressing climate-change challenges

Climate change is a global phenomenon that poses significant risks to public health but communicating these risks can be challenging given the complexity of the science findings, unfamiliar terminology, and technical jargon. The ENBEL consortium, a collaboration of research projects dedicated to climate change and health, produced dozens of scientific publications, yet one challenge was… Continue reading Creating clear and concise climate change and health communication